The federal minimum hourly wage is just $7.25 and has not increased since 2009. The Raise the Wage Act of 2025, introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate on April 8, 2025, would incrementally raise the federal minimum wage to $17 an hour by 2030. The bill would also gradually raise and then eliminate subminimum wages for tipped workers, workers with disabilities, and youth workers, so that all workers covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act would have the same wage floor.
What would its impact be?
EPI’s analysis shows that raising the federal minimum wage to $17 by 2030 would impact 22,247,000 workers across the country, or 15% of the U.S. wage-earning workforce. The increases would provide an additional $70 billion annually in wages for the country’s lowest-paid workers, with the average affected worker who works year-round receiving an extra $3,200 per year.
Who would be affected?
Table 1 shows EPI’s estimates of the population of workers, by demographic and other characteristics, who would benefit from the Raise the Wage Act of 2025.
Group Total workforce Directly affected Share directly affected Indirectly affected Share indirectly affected Total affected Share of group who are affected Group’s share of total affected All workers 149,194,000 10,339,000 6.9% 11,908,000 8.0% 22,247,000 14.9% 100.0% Gender Male 76,726,000 4,451,000 5.8% 5,068,000 6.6% 9,519,000 12.4% 42.8% Female 72,468,000 5,888,000 8.1% 6,840,000 9.4% 12,729,000 17.6% 57.2% Age group Teenager 6,018,000 1,839,000 30.5% 1,283,000 21.3% 3,121,000 51.9% 14.0% Age 20 or older 143,175,000 8,501,000 5.9% 10,625,000 7.4% 19,126,000 13.4% 86.0% Age 16 to 24 20,664,000 4,073,000 19.7% 3,697,000 17.9% 7,770,000 37.6% 34.9% Age 25 to 39 51,199,000 2,710,000 5.3% 3,642,000 7.1% 6,352,000 12.4% 28.6% Age 40 to 54 44,930,000 1,868,000 4.2% 2,435,000 5.4% 4,303,000 9.6% 19.3% Age 55 or older 32,400,000 1,689,000 5.2% 2,133,000 6.6% 3,822,000 11.8% 17.2% Race/ethnicity White, non-Hispanic 81,221,000 5,041,000 6.2% 5,981,000 7.4% 11,022,000 13.6% 49.5% Black, non-Hispanic 17,892,000 1,934,000 10.8% 1,805,000 10.1% 3,738,000 20.9% 16.8% Hispanic, any race 31,495,000 2,378,000 7.5% 2,875,000 9.1% 5,253,000 16.7% 23.6% Asian, non-Hispanic 10,750,000 378,000 3.5% 559,000 5.2% 937,000 8.7% 4.2% Other race/ethnicity 7,835,000 609,000 7.8% 689,000 8.8% 1,298,000 16.6% 5.8% Not person of color 81,221,000 5,041,000 6.2% 5,981,000 7.4% 11,022,000 13.6% 49.5% Person of color 67,973,000 5,298,000 7.8% 5,927,000 8.7% 11,226,000 16.5% 50.5% Family status Married parent 35,929,000 1,333,000 3.7% 1,657,000 4.6% 2,991,000 8.3% 13.4% Single parent 12,671,000 1,058,000 8.3% 1,240,000 9.8% 2,297,000 18.1% 10.3% Married, no children 38,517,000 1,661,000 4.3% 2,232,000 5.8% 3,892,000 10.1% 17.5% Unmarried, no children 62,077,000 6,288,000 10.1% 6,779,000 10.9% 13,067,000 21.0% 58.7% Education Less than high school 13,072,000 2,014,000 15.4% 1,807,000 13.8% 3,822,000 29.2% 17.2% High school 35,742,000 3,606,000 10.1% 4,225,000 11.8% 7,831,000 21.9% 35.2% Some college, no degree 29,349,000 2,469,000 8.4% 3,000,000 10.2% 5,470,000 18.6% 24.6% Associates degree 13,479,000 765,000 5.7% 1,012,000 7.5% 1,777,000 13.2% 8.0% Bachelors degree or higher 57,552,000 1,485,000 2.6% 1,863,000 3.2% 3,348,000 5.8% 15.0% Family income Less than $25,000 8,347,000 2,794,000 33.5% 1,773,000 21.2% 4,568,000 54.7% 20.5% $25,000 – $49,999 18,473,000 1,999,000 10.8% 2,795,000 15.1% 4,795,000 26.0% 21.6% $50,000 – $74,999 22,052,000 1,618,000 7.3% 2,183,000 9.9% 3,801,000 17.2% 17.1% $75,000 – $99,999 20,745,000 1,109,000 5.3% 1,568,000 7.6% 2,677,000 12.9% 12.0% $100,000 – $149,999 33,223,000 1,304,000 3.9% 1,804,000 5.4% 3,108,000 9.4% 14.0% $150,000 or more 44,968,000 1,135,000 2.5% 1,548,000 3.4% 2,683,000 6.0% 12.1% Family income-to-poverty ratio In Poverty 8,220,000 2,764,000 33.6% 1,470,000 17.9% 4,235,000 51.5% 19.0% 100 – 199% poverty 16,355,000 2,482,000 15.2% 3,123,000 19.1% 5,604,000 34.3% 25.2% 200-399% poverty 44,863,000 3,070,000 6.8% 4,274,000 9.5% 7,344,000 16.4% 33.0% 400%+ poverty 79,755,000 2,023,000 2.5% 3,041,000 3.8% 5,064,000 6.4% 22.8% Work hours Part time (<20 hours per week) 9,584,000 1,545,000 16.1% 1,309,000 13.7% 2,854,000 29.8% 12.8% Mid time (20-34 hours) 19,301,000 3,082,000 16.0% 3,162,000 16.4% 6,244,000 32.4% 28.1% Full time (35+ hours) 120,308,000 5,712,000 4.7% 7,437,000 6.2% 13,149,000 10.9% 59.1% Industry Agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining 1,968,000 155,000 7.9% 137,000 7.0% 292,000 14.8% 1.3% Construction 8,959,000 474,000 5.3% 513,000 5.7% 987,000 11.0% 4.4% Manufacturing 15,708,000 660,000 4.2% 778,000 4.9% 1,437,000 9.1% 6.5% Wholesale trade 3,057,000 137,000 4.5% 151,000 4.9% 288,000 9.4% 1.3% Retail trade 16,401,000 1,889,000 11.5% 1,911,000 11.6% 3,800,000 23.2% 17.1% Transportation, warehousing, utilities 8,919,000 456,000 5.1% 511,000 5.7% 967,000 10.8% 4.3% Information 2,787,000 116,000 4.2% 107,000 3.9% 223,000 8.0% 1.0% Finance, insurance, real estate 9,580,000 273,000 2.8% 311,000 3.2% 584,000 6.1% 2.6% Professional, science, management services 11,890,000 268,000 2.3% 262,000 2.2% 530,000 4.5% 2.4% Administrative, support, waste services 5,815,000 483,000 8.3% 543,000 9.3% 1,026,000 17.6% 4.6% Educational services 15,231,000 1,027,000 6.7% 1,008,000 6.6% 2,035,000 13.4% 9.1% Healthcare, social assistance 21,744,000 1,320,000 6.1% 1,390,000 6.4% 2,710,000 12.5% 12.2% Arts, entertainment, recreational services 2,998,000 339,000 11.3% 418,000 13.9% 757,000 25.2% 3.4% Accommodation 1,327,000 161,000 12.2% 229,000 17.2% 390,000 29.4% 1.8% Restaurants 9,223,000 1,851,000 20.1% 2,498,000 27.1% 4,349,000 47.2% 19.5% Other services 5,898,000 526,000 8.9% 907,000 15.4% 1,433,000 24.3% 6.4% Public administration 7,687,000 205,000 2.7% 234,000 3.0% 439,000 5.7% 2.0% Tipped occupations Not tipped 145,714,000 9,753,000 6.7% 9,703,000 6.7% 19,456,000 13.4% 87.5% Tipped occupations 3,480,000 587,000 16.9% 2,205,000 63.4% 2,792,000 80.2% 12.5% Sector For profit 110,647,000 8,287,000 7.5% 9,817,000 8.9% 18,104,000 16.4% 81.4% Nonprofit 14,671,000 857,000 5.8% 866,000 5.9% 1,723,000 11.7% 7.7% Government 23,875,000 1,195,000 5.0% 1,225,000 5.1% 2,421,000 10.1% 10.9%
Notes: Values reflect the population estimated to be affected by the proposed change in the federal minimum wage. Wage changes resulting from scheduled state and local minimum wage laws are accounted for by EPI’s Minimum Wage Simulation Model. Totals may not sum due to rounding. Shares calculated from unrounded values. Directly affected workers will see their wages rise as the new minimum wage rate will exceed their current hourly pay. Indirectly affected workers have a wage rate just above the new minimum wage (between the new minimum wage and 115% of the new minimum). They will receive a raise as employer pay scales are adjusted upward to reflect the new minimum wage.
How many workers would benefit in each state?
Table 2 shows the estimated impact of the Raise the Wage Act of 2025 by state. States that will have the highest share of workers receiving wage increases are often in the South, where both wages and minimum wages tend to be the lowest, like Mississippi, Louisiana, and Oklahoma.
State Total workforce Total Affected Share of group who are affected Average annual wage increase of affected workers (2025$) Total annual wage change (2025$, millions) Percent change in average annual wages of affected workers U.S. total 149,194,000 22,247,000 14.9% $3,158 $70,247 11.3% Alabama 2,055,000 567,000 27.6% $4,155 $2,357 15.7% Alaska 309,000 25,000 8.2% * * * Arizona 3,225,000 504,000 15.6% $752 $379 2.4% Arkansas 1,233,000 314,000 25.5% $3,293 $1,034 11.8% California 17,759,000 * * * * * Colorado 2,811,000 210,000 7.5% $737 $155 2.1% Connecticut 1,697,000 42,000 2.5% * * * Delaware 466,000 74,000 15.9% $1,928 $143 6.8% District of Columbia 363,000 * * * * * Florida 9,563,000 2,143,000 22.4% $962 $2,062 3.0% Georgia 4,816,000 1,085,000 22.5% $4,077 $4,426 15.1% Hawaii 622,000 * * * * * Idaho 809,000 165,000 20.4% $3,433 $566 13.3% Illinois 5,819,000 801,000 13.8% $1,178 $943 4.0% Indiana 3,053,000 646,000 21.2% $3,786 $2,447 14.8% Iowa 1,442,000 308,000 21.4% $3,198 $986 13.0% Kansas 1,322,000 286,000 21.7% $3,514 $1,006 14.0% Kentucky 1,841,000 478,000 25.9% $3,790 $1,810 14.4% Louisiana 1,805,000 596,000 33.0% $5,193 $3,094 19.3% Maine 597,000 64,000 10.8% $1,241 $80 4.7% Maryland 2,957,000 306,000 10.4% $2,488 $762 8.5% Massachusetts 3,396,000 269,000 7.9% $2,126 $572 6.9% Michigan 4,326,000 738,000 17.0% $864 $637 3.3% Minnesota 2,721,000 325,000 11.9% $1,720 $558 6.6% Mississippi 1,142,000 425,000 37.2% $4,566 $1,941 16.9% Missouri 2,732,000 530,000 19.4% $1,228 $651 4.3% Montana 466,000 73,000 15.6% $2,307 $168 8.2% Nebraska 912,000 143,000 15.7% $1,899 $272 6.7% Nevada 1,447,000 311,000 21.5% $2,347 $731 7.2% New Hampshire 678,000 78,000 11.5% $3,734 $292 14.9% New Jersey 4,442,000 122,000 2.8% $5,280 $645 13.6% New Mexico 907,000 237,000 26.1% $2,750 $651 9.5% New York 8,792,000 213,000 2.4% $2,683 $572 6.0% North Carolina 4,682,000 1,263,000 27.0% $3,772 $4,765 14.0% North Dakota 353,000 46,000 13.2% $3,311 $154 13.0% Ohio 5,215,000 940,000 18.0% $2,773 $2,606 10.5% Oklahoma 1,654,000 469,000 28.4% $4,277 $2,008 15.8% Oregon 1,859,000 132,000 7.1% $478 $63 1.7% Pennsylvania 5,768,000 1,066,000 18.5% $3,609 $3,848 14.3% Rhode Island 507,000 64,000 12.6% $2,117 $135 7.4% South Carolina 2,236,000 577,000 25.8% $4,141 $2,390 15.5% South Dakota 409,000 70,000 17.1% $2,320 $162 8.5% Tennessee 3,052,000 634,000 20.8% $4,223 $2,679 15.4% Texas 13,896,000 3,258,000 23.4% $4,910 $15,997 18.3% Utah 1,578,000 317,000 20.1% $3,225 $1,021 13.5% Vermont 290,000 26,000 9.0% * * * Virginia 3,942,000 586,000 14.9% $2,838 $1,662 9.9% Washington 3,546,000 * * * * * West Virginia 682,000 186,000 27.2% $3,963 $737 15.0% Wisconsin 2,758,000 468,000 17.0% $3,281 $1,537 13.5% Wyoming 242,000 52,000 21.7% $4,381 $229 17.0%
Notes: Values reflect the population estimated to be affected by the proposed change in the federal minimum wage. Wage changes resulting from scheduled state and local minimum wage laws are accounted for by EPI’s Minimum Wage Simulation Model. Totals may not sum due to rounding. Shares calculated from unrounded values. Affected workers include both directly affected workers (who will see their wages rise as the new minimum wage rate will exceed their current hourly pay) and indirectly affected workers (who have a wage rate just above the new minimum wage (between the new minimum wage and 115% of the new minimum, and who will receive a raise as employer pay scales are adjusted upward to reflect the new minimum wage). Values marked * cannot be displayed because of sample size restrictions.
Why are workers in some states less likely to be affected?
In January 2025, 21 states and dozens of localities implemented minimum wage increases based on state, local, or municipal laws that already set the minimum wage higher than the federal standard. In total, 30 states and the District of Columbia have a minimum wage above the federal minimum, and many more localities have minimum wages above their state minimum wage. Workers in most of these states will still benefit from a $17 federal minimum wage, but the effect is muted because low-wage workers in those states have already seen wage increases above the federal minimum.
California, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, and Washington all have state- or local-level minimum wage laws that will set minimum wages above the Raise the Wage Act’s proposal of $17 by 2030. Because of this, only a small number of workers in those states would be affected by the federal policy as state and local laws will have already raised the wages of low-wage workers in those jurisdictions. Because of the smaller impacted population, estimates of affected workers are unavailable for those states. (Cells for which data are unavailable are marked with * in Table 2.)
Why is it critical that the Raise the Wage Act be passed?
As EPI’s state-by-state minimum wage tracker shows, raising the federal minimum wage is critical to protect workers (especially in the South) who have been left behind. A higher federal minimum wage can build on existing state-level standards and lock in the wage gains made by low-wage workers in the economic recovery over the last several years.
Assumptions and documentation for EPI’s Minimum Wage Simulation Model
- The estimates are for the year 2030, when the policy’s regular minimum wage would be $17 and the tipped minimum wage would be $15.
- The underlying wage distribution is based on the 2024 Current Population Survey.
- The simulation assumes nominal wage growth will be at a 3.5% annual rate between 2024 and 2025, and at an annual rate of 0.8% plus projected Consumer Price Index growth in subsequent years.
- The simulation accounts for estimated effects of projected state and local minimum wages between 2025 and 2030.
- To read more about the EPI Minimum Wage Simulation Model, see the description in Cooper, Mokhiber, and Zipperer (2019).
Group Total workforce Directly affected Share directly affected Indirectly affected Share indirectly affected Total affected Share of group who are affected Group’s share of total affected All workers 149,194,000 10,339,000 6.9% 11,908,000 8.0% 22,247,000 14.9% 100.0% Gender Male 76,726,000 4,451,000 5.8% 5,068,000 6.6% 9,519,000 12.4% 42.8% Female 72,468,000 5,888,000 8.1% 6,840,000 9.4% 12,729,000 17.6% 57.2% Age group Teenager 6,018,000 1,839,000 30.5% 1,283,000 21.3% 3,121,000 51.9% 14.0% Age 20 or older 143,175,000 8,501,000 5.9% 10,625,000 7.4% 19,126,000 13.4% 86.0% Age 16 to 24 20,664,000 4,073,000 19.7% 3,697,000 17.9% 7,770,000 37.6% 34.9% Age 25 to 39 51,199,000 2,710,000 5.3% 3,642,000 7.1% 6,352,000 12.4% 28.6% Age 40 to 54 44,930,000 1,868,000 4.2% 2,435,000 5.4% 4,303,000 9.6% 19.3% Age 55 or older 32,400,000 1,689,000 5.2% 2,133,000 6.6% 3,822,000 11.8% 17.2% Race/ethnicity White, non-Hispanic 81,221,000 5,041,000 6.2% 5,981,000 7.4% 11,022,000 13.6% 49.5% Black, non-Hispanic 17,892,000 1,934,000 10.8% 1,805,000 10.1% 3,738,000 20.9% 16.8% Hispanic, any race 31,495,000 2,378,000 7.5% 2,875,000 9.1% 5,253,000 16.7% 23.6% Asian, non-Hispanic 10,750,000 378,000 3.5% 559,000 5.2% 937,000 8.7% 4.2% Other race/ethnicity 7,835,000 609,000 7.8% 689,000 8.8% 1,298,000 16.6% 5.8% Not person of color 81,221,000 5,041,000 6.2% 5,981,000 7.4% 11,022,000 13.6% 49.5% Person of color 67,973,000 5,298,000 7.8% 5,927,000 8.7% 11,226,000 16.5% 50.5% Family status Married parent 35,929,000 1,333,000 3.7% 1,657,000 4.6% 2,991,000 8.3% 13.4% Single parent 12,671,000 1,058,000 8.3% 1,240,000 9.8% 2,297,000 18.1% 10.3% Married, no children 38,517,000 1,661,000 4.3% 2,232,000 5.8% 3,892,000 10.1% 17.5% Unmarried, no children 62,077,000 6,288,000 10.1% 6,779,000 10.9% 13,067,000 21.0% 58.7% Education Less than high school 13,072,000 2,014,000 15.4% 1,807,000 13.8% 3,822,000 29.2% 17.2% High school 35,742,000 3,606,000 10.1% 4,225,000 11.8% 7,831,000 21.9% 35.2% Some college, no degree 29,349,000 2,469,000 8.4% 3,000,000 10.2% 5,470,000 18.6% 24.6% Associates degree 13,479,000 765,000 5.7% 1,012,000 7.5% 1,777,000 13.2% 8.0% Bachelors degree or higher 57,552,000 1,485,000 2.6% 1,863,000 3.2% 3,348,000 5.8% 15.0% Family income Less than $25,000 8,347,000 2,794,000 33.5% 1,773,000 21.2% 4,568,000 54.7% 20.5% $25,000 – $49,999 18,473,000 1,999,000 10.8% 2,795,000 15.1% 4,795,000 26.0% 21.6% $50,000 – $74,999 22,052,000 1,618,000 7.3% 2,183,000 9.9% 3,801,000 17.2% 17.1% $75,000 – $99,999 20,745,000 1,109,000 5.3% 1,568,000 7.6% 2,677,000 12.9% 12.0% $100,000 – $149,999 33,223,000 1,304,000 3.9% 1,804,000 5.4% 3,108,000 9.4% 14.0% $150,000 or more 44,968,000 1,135,000 2.5% 1,548,000 3.4% 2,683,000 6.0% 12.1% Family income-to-poverty ratio In Poverty 8,220,000 2,764,000 33.6% 1,470,000 17.9% 4,235,000 51.5% 19.0% 100 – 199% poverty 16,355,000 2,482,000 15.2% 3,123,000 19.1% 5,604,000 34.3% 25.2% 200-399% poverty 44,863,000 3,070,000 6.8% 4,274,000 9.5% 7,344,000 16.4% 33.0% 400%+ poverty 79,755,000 2,023,000 2.5% 3,041,000 3.8% 5,064,000 6.4% 22.8% Work hours Part time (<20 hours per week) 9,584,000 1,545,000 16.1% 1,309,000 13.7% 2,854,000 29.8% 12.8% Mid time (20-34 hours) 19,301,000 3,082,000 16.0% 3,162,000 16.4% 6,244,000 32.4% 28.1% Full time (35+ hours) 120,308,000 5,712,000 4.7% 7,437,000 6.2% 13,149,000 10.9% 59.1% Industry Agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining 1,968,000 155,000 7.9% 137,000 7.0% 292,000 14.8% 1.3% Construction 8,959,000 474,000 5.3% 513,000 5.7% 987,000 11.0% 4.4% Manufacturing 15,708,000 660,000 4.2% 778,000 4.9% 1,437,000 9.1% 6.5% Wholesale trade 3,057,000 137,000 4.5% 151,000 4.9% 288,000 9.4% 1.3% Retail trade 16,401,000 1,889,000 11.5% 1,911,000 11.6% 3,800,000 23.2% 17.1% Transportation, warehousing, utilities 8,919,000 456,000 5.1% 511,000 5.7% 967,000 10.8% 4.3% Information 2,787,000 116,000 4.2% 107,000 3.9% 223,000 8.0% 1.0% Finance, insurance, real estate 9,580,000 273,000 2.8% 311,000 3.2% 584,000 6.1% 2.6% Professional, science, management services 11,890,000 268,000 2.3% 262,000 2.2% 530,000 4.5% 2.4% Administrative, support, waste services 5,815,000 483,000 8.3% 543,000 9.3% 1,026,000 17.6% 4.6% Educational services 15,231,000 1,027,000 6.7% 1,008,000 6.6% 2,035,000 13.4% 9.1% Healthcare, social assistance 21,744,000 1,320,000 6.1% 1,390,000 6.4% 2,710,000 12.5% 12.2% Arts, entertainment, recreational services 2,998,000 339,000 11.3% 418,000 13.9% 757,000 25.2% 3.4% Accommodation 1,327,000 161,000 12.2% 229,000 17.2% 390,000 29.4% 1.8% Restaurants 9,223,000 1,851,000 20.1% 2,498,000 27.1% 4,349,000 47.2% 19.5% Other services 5,898,000 526,000 8.9% 907,000 15.4% 1,433,000 24.3% 6.4% Public administration 7,687,000 205,000 2.7% 234,000 3.0% 439,000 5.7% 2.0% Tipped occupations Not tipped 145,714,000 9,753,000 6.7% 9,703,000 6.7% 19,456,000 13.4% 87.5% Tipped occupations 3,480,000 587,000 16.9% 2,205,000 63.4% 2,792,000 80.2% 12.5% Sector For profit 110,647,000 8,287,000 7.5% 9,817,000 8.9% 18,104,000 16.4% 81.4% Nonprofit 14,671,000 857,000 5.8% 866,000 5.9% 1,723,000 11.7% 7.7% Government 23,875,000 1,195,000 5.0% 1,225,000 5.1% 2,421,000 10.1% 10.9%
Notes: Values reflect the population estimated to be affected by the proposed change in the federal minimum wage. Wage changes resulting from scheduled state and local minimum wage laws are accounted for by EPI’s Minimum Wage Simulation Model. Totals may not sum due to rounding. Shares calculated from unrounded values. Directly affected workers will see their wages rise as the new minimum wage rate will exceed their current hourly pay. Indirectly affected workers have a wage rate just above the new minimum wage (between the new minimum wage and 115% of the new minimum). They will receive a raise as employer pay scales are adjusted upward to reflect the new minimum wage.
State Total workforce Total Affected Share of group who are affected Average annual wage increase of affected workers (2025$) Total annual wage change (2025$, millions) Percent change in average annual wages of affected workers U.S. total 149,194,000 22,247,000 14.9% $3,158 $70,247 11.3% Alabama 2,055,000 567,000 27.6% $4,155 $2,357 15.7% Alaska 309,000 25,000 8.2% * * * Arizona 3,225,000 504,000 15.6% $752 $379 2.4% Arkansas 1,233,000 314,000 25.5% $3,293 $1,034 11.8% California 17,759,000 * * * * * Colorado 2,811,000 210,000 7.5% $737 $155 2.1% Connecticut 1,697,000 42,000 2.5% * * * Delaware 466,000 74,000 15.9% $1,928 $143 6.8% District of Columbia 363,000 * * * * * Florida 9,563,000 2,143,000 22.4% $962 $2,062 3.0% Georgia 4,816,000 1,085,000 22.5% $4,077 $4,426 15.1% Hawaii 622,000 * * * * * Idaho 809,000 165,000 20.4% $3,433 $566 13.3% Illinois 5,819,000 801,000 13.8% $1,178 $943 4.0% Indiana 3,053,000 646,000 21.2% $3,786 $2,447 14.8% Iowa 1,442,000 308,000 21.4% $3,198 $986 13.0% Kansas 1,322,000 286,000 21.7% $3,514 $1,006 14.0% Kentucky 1,841,000 478,000 25.9% $3,790 $1,810 14.4% Louisiana 1,805,000 596,000 33.0% $5,193 $3,094 19.3% Maine 597,000 64,000 10.8% $1,241 $80 4.7% Maryland 2,957,000 306,000 10.4% $2,488 $762 8.5% Massachusetts 3,396,000 269,000 7.9% $2,126 $572 6.9% Michigan 4,326,000 738,000 17.0% $864 $637 3.3% Minnesota 2,721,000 325,000 11.9% $1,720 $558 6.6% Mississippi 1,142,000 425,000 37.2% $4,566 $1,941 16.9% Missouri 2,732,000 530,000 19.4% $1,228 $651 4.3% Montana 466,000 73,000 15.6% $2,307 $168 8.2% Nebraska 912,000 143,000 15.7% $1,899 $272 6.7% Nevada 1,447,000 311,000 21.5% $2,347 $731 7.2% New Hampshire 678,000 78,000 11.5% $3,734 $292 14.9% New Jersey 4,442,000 122,000 2.8% $5,280 $645 13.6% New Mexico 907,000 237,000 26.1% $2,750 $651 9.5% New York 8,792,000 213,000 2.4% $2,683 $572 6.0% North Carolina 4,682,000 1,263,000 27.0% $3,772 $4,765 14.0% North Dakota 353,000 46,000 13.2% $3,311 $154 13.0% Ohio 5,215,000 940,000 18.0% $2,773 $2,606 10.5% Oklahoma 1,654,000 469,000 28.4% $4,277 $2,008 15.8% Oregon 1,859,000 132,000 7.1% $478 $63 1.7% Pennsylvania 5,768,000 1,066,000 18.5% $3,609 $3,848 14.3% Rhode Island 507,000 64,000 12.6% $2,117 $135 7.4% South Carolina 2,236,000 577,000 25.8% $4,141 $2,390 15.5% South Dakota 409,000 70,000 17.1% $2,320 $162 8.5% Tennessee 3,052,000 634,000 20.8% $4,223 $2,679 15.4% Texas 13,896,000 3,258,000 23.4% $4,910 $15,997 18.3% Utah 1,578,000 317,000 20.1% $3,225 $1,021 13.5% Vermont 290,000 26,000 9.0% * * * Virginia 3,942,000 586,000 14.9% $2,838 $1,662 9.9% Washington 3,546,000 * * * * * West Virginia 682,000 186,000 27.2% $3,963 $737 15.0% Wisconsin 2,758,000 468,000 17.0% $3,281 $1,537 13.5% Wyoming 242,000 52,000 21.7% $4,381 $229 17.0%
Notes: Values reflect the population estimated to be affected by the proposed change in the federal minimum wage. Wage changes resulting from scheduled state and local minimum wage laws are accounted for by EPI’s Minimum Wage Simulation Model. Totals may not sum due to rounding. Shares calculated from unrounded values. Affected workers include both directly affected workers (who will see their wages rise as the new minimum wage rate will exceed their current hourly pay) and indirectly affected workers (who have a wage rate just above the new minimum wage (between the new minimum wage and 115% of the new minimum, and who will receive a raise as employer pay scales are adjusted upward to reflect the new minimum wage). Values marked * cannot be displayed because of sample size restrictions.
